What Causes Melasma and How Is It Treated?

Melasma, also known as choloasma, is a common pigmentary disorder of the face that can affect any area of the body. It causes brown patches to appear on the skin, which many consider unsightly. Although its cause is unknown, most cases of melasma are thought to involve hormonal imbalances or sun exposure. Melasma is a disorder of hyperpigmentation that is seen most frequently in women of darker skin types, particularly those of certain Asian descent, but it can happen to anyone.

The most common areas of the face where melasma appears are the cheeks, upper lip, forehead, nose, earlobes, and shoulders.

It may also appear on other areas of the body, such as the forearms, neck, and shoulders which are also frequently exposed to the sun.

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Symptoms of Melasma

Melasma is an often-annoying condition, and the primary symptom of melasma is the development of symmetrical brown to gray macules. It does not cause any other physical symptoms, but it may be irritating to some people.

Patches of melasma are most commonly found on the face.

Causes of Melasma

There is no clear explanation for why melasma occurs. Perhaps this is caused by too many melanocytes (the cells responsible for making color) in the skin malfunctioning.

Due to this, people with dark skin tones are more likely to develop melasma, since they have more melanocytes.

Melasma can be caused by a variety of factors, including:

• A change in hormone levels during pregnancy (choloasma), during hormone treatment, or while taking birth control pills
• Sun exposure

Melasma may also be a genetic condition, as people who have close relatives with the condition are more likely to acquire it themselves.

How do dermatologists diagnose melasma?

Dermatologists diagnose patients by looking at their skin. They use a device called a Wood's light to examine the depth to which the melasma penetrates the skin.

Melasma may appear to be another skin condition, but your dermatologist will need to take a skin biopsy to distinguish it from another. A dermatologist can safely and quickly perform a skin biopsy during an office visit.

Treat Melasma with Laser Treatment

Using lasers for melasma can be an effective treatment option when other options, including skin-lightening agents and chemical peels, are unsuccessful. Lasers penetrate your outer layer of skin and stimulate cellular renewal, resulting in a brighter, more even complexion.

The use of lasers is generally considered for those who are looking for long-term and quick results, rather than simply using lightening creams.

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